Aviation carbon transfer and compensation of international routes in Africa from 2019 to 2021.

As an underdeveloped region, the aviation industry in Africa is developing rapidly, and its carbon emissions play an essential role in achieving carbon neutrality in the aviation industry in underdeveloped areas. However, the problem of carbon transfer caused by passenger flow on international routes has not been addressed, especially in Africa. This paper first calculates the CO2 emissions of African international routes from 2019 to 2021 based on the Modified Fuel Percentage Method (MFPM) and the ICAO standard methods. Then, we measure African routes' carbon transfer and carbon compensation. The most carbon transfer routes between African countries and from countries outside Africa to African countries are from Ethiopia to Kenya and from Honduras to Ghana. Relatively poor countries bear a significant amount of carbon transfer.

Impacts of the COVID-19 on all aircraft emissions of international routes in South America.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on South America's economic development, as well as its international civil aviation industry. This paper seeks to calculate the emissions of six pollutions (CO2, CO, HC, NOx, SO2, and PM2.5) from the international routes in South America during 2019-2021 and discusses the impacts of COVID-19 on the emission change. The modified BFFM2-FOA-FPM method is proposed to unify the CO2 and non-CO2 calculations. The calculated results' average error rate is about 5.12%. The results showed that COVID-19 affected all emissions, including the number of routes, average flight distance, aircraft configuration, the proportion of CCD phase emissions, average emissions, etc. In addition, some airlines increased the number of flights and aircraft types during the pandemic, increasing emissions. The results give a reasonable data basis for the aviation industry in South America to formulate emission reduction policies.

Can the aviation industry achieve carbon emission reduction and revenue growth simultaneously under the CNG2020 strategy? An empirical study with 25 benchmarking airlines

The CNG2020 strategy proposed in 2016 has directly impacted the global aviation industry, and the ensuing COVID-19 pandemic has brought the global aviation industry to a standstill. This paper calculates the Pollution Abatement Costs (PAC) index and regulated profits of the global aviation industry by establishing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. Then, considering the airlines’ different recovery times from COVID-19, we predict the data of 25 international benchmark airlines from 2021 to 2027 based on the actual data during 2012–2019. The regulated profits can help judge whether airlines can achieve a win-win situation of carbon emission reduction and revenue growth in the future recovery process. We have some findings: 1. Air France-KLM has the maximum regulated profits, while EasyJet has the minimal regulated gains. 2. The setting of route conditions impacts whether airlines can achieve a win-win situation.

Exploring the effect of COVID-19 on airline environmental efficiency through an interval epsilon-based measure model.

COVID-19 has dealt an unprecedented blow to the aviation industry since 2020. This paper applies the interval epsilon-based measure (IEBM) model to evaluate the optimal quarterly environmental efficiency of 14 global airlines of passenger and cargo subsystems during 2018-2020. Then, the time series prediction method is applied to forecast the interval data of inputs and outputs from 2021 to 2022. Finally, we can calculate the quarterly efficiency. Thus, the future development trends of airlines can be predicted. The results show that (1) COVID-19 has hit the passenger subsystem harder, while the freight subsystem has become more efficient; (2) the efficiency of the freight subsystem has inevitably declined in the post-epidemic era; and (3) therefore, the airlines will have a "√" shaped recovery curve in the next few years.